Posted in Coni Dubois, Coni's Stuff, Ken Feder, Travel, Tribal

Ancestor of the Day #5: Clorenda Rose Short Barber Porter — “They Go Together”

Yesterday I told you about Theodore — the 27-year-old corporal who never came home from Chancellorsville. Today I’m telling you about the woman who waited for him, buried him in her heart, and went on living for forty-nine more years.

Family tree chart showing Clorenda Rose Short Barber Porter (1838–1912), her first husband Theodore James Barber, their son William Henry Barber, her father Samuel Short, and her second husband Allen A. Porter

Her name was Clorenda Rose Short. The records spell it three different ways — Clorenda, Clarinda, Clorinda — so you can pick your favorite, but she was my 3rd great-grandmother, and this is her story.

She was born in November 1838 in Chatham, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Samuel Short. Somewhere around 1855 she married Theodore James Barber, and in 1857 their son William Henry was born. Then came the war, and in May 1863 Theodore died at Chancellorsville. Clorenda was about twenty-four years old, a widow with a little boy.

She did what widows did — she kept going. And years later she married again, to another Civil War veteran: Allen A. Porter. (My records say August 16, 1868 — but there’s a question mark beside it in my own files, so I’m giving it to you with the question mark still on. The pledge is the pledge.)

They built a life together near Henderson, Michigan. Decades of it. And then came Monday, July 8, 1912.

Cabinet-card photograph of Clarinda Short and Allen A. Porter, Coni's 3rd great-grandparents

That evening, at about nine o’clock, Allen Porter died.

And about two hours later, according to the Owosso Argus-Press, Clarinda walked out onto the porch, cried out — and fell dead in the farmhand’s arms.

The coroner, Guy A. Cole of Owosso, wrote her cause of death on the Michigan death certificate in words I’ll never forget: “a shock occasioned by the death of her husband.” Her heart, the certificate says, had been troubled for years. Her son Frank gave the information. She was buried at Henderson Cemetery on July 11th.

Michigan Certificate of Death for Clarinda Short Porter, July 8, 1912 — cause of death 'a shock occasioned by the death of her husband'

The newspaper ran the story under a headline that says everything: “THEY GO TOGETHER — Wife Succumbs To Heart Trouble Two Hours After Husband’s Death.” And it described the funeral this way: “The two sombre caskets were placed side by side… At the cemetery they were both lowered into one large grave, where the departed will sleep the long sleep together, as they went through the greater portion of their lives.”

Owosso Argus-Press headline from July 1912: 'THEY GO TOGETHER — Wife Succumbs To Heart Trouble Two Hours After Husband's Death'

One large grave. Together. As they went through the greater portion of their lives.

Now follow her line forward, the way I showed you Theodore’s yesterday: Clorenda’s son William Henry grew up, married, and had a daughter named Ada May. Ada May married George Arthur Allen. Their son Alvin married Marion — my grandmother. Their son Rex was my father.

So the woman who died of a broken heart on a Michigan porch in 1912 is the reason I’m here telling you about it. That’s how this works. That’s the ever widening circle.

I wrote about this couple years ago — They Go Together (2013) — and I keep a whole chapter on Clarinda in my files. But today she gets her Ancestor of the Day, because a love like that deserves its afternoon.

Who do you want to see next? Tell me below. 💛

Family tree chart for Clorenda Rose Short Barber Porter

— Coni

Sources: Michigan Certificate of Death for Clarinda Short Porter, Shiawassee Co., Rush Twp., July 8, 1912 (written copy in Coni’s files; Coroner Guy A. Cole) · Owosso Argus-Press, July 9/10/11, 1912 — “THEY GO TOGETHER” (clippings collected by Pauline Goodwin, 2013; in Coni’s files) · Individual Report for Clorenda Rose Short, by Coni Dubois · Find A Grave #566602325 · Chapter 16, Clarinda Short Porter (Coni’s files).

#AncestorOfTheDay #EverWideningCircle

© 2026 Ever Widening Circle Research by Coni Dubois LLC. All rights reserved.

Posted in Coni Dubois, Coni's Stuff, Ken Feder, Travel, Tribal

Ancestor of the Day #4: Theodore James Barber — The Soldier Who Never Came Home From Chancellorsville

Yesterday was Lucy, the dynamite widow with three husbands. Today we go further back — past Michigan, past the lumber mills — all the way to Virginia, 1863, and a 27-year-old corporal in a blue uniform who never came home.

Watch the Ancestor of the Day short film:

If you want the deep file first, I wrote about him years ago: American Civil War Soldier: Theodore Barber (2012). Today’s telling is the family version — the records on screen, the way I do it.

Theodore James Barber was born in August 1835 in Catlin, Chemung County, New York — the son of Grant Barber, a farmer, and Elizabeth Cummins. The 1850 census finds him at 15 in Caton, New York, one of eight children in a farmhouse: Harriet, Eli, Mary, Charles, Amanda, Nancy, baby Caroline — and Theodore. By 1860 he’d crossed into Tioga County, Pennsylvania. Somewhere around 1855 he married Clarinda Rose Short. Their son William Henry was born in 1857.

Now look at the family chart above — really look at it. Follow Theodore’s line back: his great-grandparents were Reuben Barber/Barbour and Hannah Sands Chagum. Hannah Sands — the daughter of James Chagum and Mary “Molly” Barber. The founding couple of the Barkhamsted Light House Village. My people.

So when Theodore James Barber marched off to war, he carried Lighthouse blood in a Union uniform.

On November 1, 1861, at Titusville, Pennsylvania, he enlisted as a Private in Company K of the 57th Pennsylvania Infantry, under Captain Cornelius S. Chase. He was 26. He rose to Corporal. And for the next eighteen months the 57th carried him through the whole hard road of the Army of the Potomac: the Peninsula, Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, the Seven Days, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg in December 1862, the Mud March.

Then came Chancellorsville.

The 57th belonged to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 3rd Corps. On May 1st, 1863, they marched and countermarched along the Plank Road and bivouacked near the Chancellor House. On May 2nd they took position on the extreme right flank of the corps — and at dusk, Stonewall Jackson’s flank attack fell on the Union line to their right and rear like a hammer. The division was marched to the rear in the chaos.

At dawn on May 3rd, the Confederates attacked. The regiment was moved at the double-quick and deployed near the Chancellor House. They counter-charged the enemy — and were driven back with heavy casualties. The brigade fell back about a mile and held its line for two more days.

Theodore James Barber died that day: May 3, 1863. My records say the death was gangrene from a foot/leg wound — that’s what the family papers hold, and I give it to you as the family holds it. He was 27 years old. He rests now in Fredericksburg National Cemetery.

Wounded Union soldiers being tended in a field hospital near Fredericksburg, photographed May 2, 1863, the day before Theodore James Barber died at Chancellorsville

I want to tell you one more thing, honestly, because the pledge is the pledge. In my 2012 post I shared a famous photograph — wounded Union soldiers being tended in a field hospital near Fredericksburg, taken May 2, 1863, the day before Theodore died. And I wrote what I still believe: I believe the gentleman laying down is my 3rd great-grandfather. Believe — not prove. I can’t prove it. But I’ve looked at that photograph a hundred times, and a granddaughter knows.

He left behind Clarinda — about 24 years old, with six-year-old William Henry. She would marry again, years later, to another Civil War veteran, Allen Porter — and if that name rings a bell, it should: they’re the “They Go Together” couple, the pair who died two hours apart in 1912 and were buried in a single grave. I told their story here in 2013. But that’s her story. This one’s his.

William Henry grew up, married, had a daughter named Ada May. Ada May married George Arthur Allen. Their son Alvin married Marion — my grandmother. Their son Rex was my father.

That’s the chain. That’s how a corporal who fell at Chancellorsville in 1863 reaches all the way to me, typing this in Louisiana in 2026.

Theodore James Barber. The soldier who never came home. Remembered.

Family tree chart for Theodore James Barber

Your turn: Who do you want to see next? Tell me below — I read every suggestion.

One Ancestor of the Day each week is YOUR ancestor. Brick wall? Send it through my contact form at https://conidubois.fyi/contact.

— Coni

Sources: Individual Report for Theodore James Barber, by Coni Dubois (service record: Private enlisted 1 Nov 1861, Co. K 57th PA Infantry; rank Corporal; died 3 May 1863 Chancellorsville VA; burial Fredericksburg National Cemetery; Find A Grave #6831641126) · Coni’s “Ancestors of Coni Dubois” research manuscript (birth Aug 1835 Catlin NY; 1850 census Caton NY; 1860 census Tioga PA) · American Civil War Soldier: Theodore Barber (this blog, 2012 — service record, Bates’ History of Pennsylvania Volunteers regimental excerpt, Chancellorsville field-hospital photograph) · 57th Pennsylvania Infantry regimental timeline, civilwarintheeast.com · Family tree chart, Coni’s own tree (theodore-chart.jpg) · Clarenda (Short, Barber) Porter death records — “They Go Together” (this blog, 2013)

#AncestorOfTheDay #EverWideningCircle

Posted in Coni Dubois, Coni's Stuff, Ken Feder, Travel, Tribal

Ancestor of the Day #3: Lucy Genevieve Amo — The Dynamite Widow With Three Husbands

Yesterday I told you about Ernest Emmit Griffith — my great-grandfather, killed by dynamite on September 23, 1915. He was 26. If you missed it, the full story with the records is here: https://conidubois.com/2026/09/26/ancestor-of-the-day-2-ernest-emmit-griffith-the-morning-the-dynamite-went-off/

Watch the Ancestor of the Day short film:

Today is about the woman he left behind.

Lucy Genevieve Amo was born April 22, 1882, in Berlin — that’s Rockwood — in Monroe County, Michigan, to Samuel Amo and Mary Campeau. I have her birth record in my files, certified copy and all: Lucy J. Amo, female, white. By 1900 the family was up in Whitney Township, Arenac County — Lucy 18, still her father’s daughter.

Certified copy of Michigan birth record for Lucy J. Amo, born April 22, 1882, in Berlin, Monroe County, to Samuel and Mary Amo

On March 29, 1909, in Au Gres, she married Ernest Griffith. The license says he was 19 and she was 26. The witnesses were Albert and Katherine Amo — her people, standing up for her. The 1910 census finds them in Whitney Township: Emmit 20, a farmer; Lucy 27; and a one-month-old baby girl.

Then the hard years came, the way they came for everybody then. They buried a baby boy, Murther, who died of cholera at five months and ten days in August 1911 — and it was Ernest himself who stood informant on that death certificate. Read that again: the grieving father signed the paper. Then September 1915, the dynamite. Lucy was 33 years old, a widow with small children. Five weeks before Ernest died, she’d given birth to a daughter, Marion — the baby who grew up to be my grandmother.

Here is what the records say next, and I want you to sit with the timeline the way I did.

Eleven months after the dynamite, on August 4, 1916, in East Tawas, the widow Lucy Griffith married Francis C. Baker. The marriage return is in my files — Iosco County, record number 33, and you can read it yourself in the photos. He was 69. She was listed as 40. (Her birth record says 1882, which would make her 34 — I report the record’s words as written, and I keep my own count beside them. That’s the pledge.)

1916 Iosco County, Michigan marriage return, record number 33, showing Francis C. Baker, 69, and Mrs. Lucy Griffith, 40, married August 4, 1916, in East Tawas

Now here’s the part that stopped me cold. Francis C. Baker was a Civil War veteran — Company 91 of the New York Infantry and Company A of the 147th. He’d filed his own invalid pension back in 1889. And in my files there’s his pension index card, plain as day: soldier Baker, Francis C. — dependent, widow, Baker, Lucy — widow’s filing, August 19, 1918, from Michigan.

U.S. Civil War pension index card for soldier Francis C. Baker, showing his widow Lucy Baker’s filing dated August 19, 1918

So Lucy married a Civil War veteran nearly thirty years her senior, and within two years she was a widow again — drawing a Union widow’s pension. The 1920 census finds her back in Whitney Township in her father’s house, and next to her name the record might as well say what it says: Francis Baker, deceased.

She married a third time on November 10, 1924, in Standish — William Wesley Nicholas. The record calls him William W. Nichols; my files say Nicholas. He was 58, a farmer, a widower with four previous marriages. Lucy — listed as “Mrs. Lucy Baker,” 42, keeping house, twice married before — became his fifth wife.

The censuses carry her forward: Paradise in Chippewa County in 1930, Mackinac in 1940. And then the last record, the one that undid me.

Lucy died February 25, 1947, at 10:55 in the morning at the Newberry Clinic — pulmonary embolism, age 64. She’s buried at Forest Home Cemetery in Newberry. And on her death certificate, in the box marked “Name of husband,” the clerk wrote two words:

Emmett Griffith.

Michigan certificate of death for Lucy Genevieve Griffith, died February 25, 1947 — the ‘name of husband’ line reads ‘Emmett Griffith’

Not Baker. Not Nicholas. Emmett Griffith — the 26-year-old farmer blown apart by dynamite thirty-two years earlier, the father of her children. After two more marriages, after a Civil War widow’s pension, after a fifth-wife wedding in Standish — when they asked her, or asked for her, who her husband was, the answer was Emmett.

The informant on that certificate was Mrs. Alvin Allen of Germfask. My grandmother Marion — Lucy’s own daughter — reporting her mother’s death. My own family, holding the pen at the end.

She had a hard life — that’s what I was always told, and the records don’t argue. Widowed at 33 with babies. Married again at 34 to a 69-year-old veteran. Widowed again. Married a third time to a man who’d already buried four wives. And at the end of it all, her heart’s answer never changed.

That’s Lucy Genevieve Amo. The dynamite widow with three husbands. My great-grandmother.

Sepia group photograph of the Amo family — parents Samuel and Mary Amo seated with their seven children standing around them, outdoors

🔍 MINI CONI HUNT: I hid my little Mini Coni somewhere in the Amo family photo above — first one to spot her and tell me in the comments gets a shoutout in tomorrow’s Ancestor of the Day!

🗳️ YOU PICK ANCESTOR #4: The last vote came up empty, so I’m trying again — and this time I’m counting on you! Here are your three choices:

  1. Clorenda Rose Short Barber Porter (1838–1912) — my 3rd great-grandmother. In July 1912 her husband, a Civil War veteran, died at 9 PM — and two hours later, shattered by the shock, she walked onto the porch, cried out, and fell dead in the farmhand’s arms. The coroner wrote her cause of death as “a shock occasioned by the death of her husband.” They were buried in a single grave.
  2. Theodore James Barber (1835–1863) — he marched off with the Union’s 57th Pennsylvania at 28 and never came home from Chancellorsville.
  3. Murther Richard Griffith (1911–1911) — Lucy’s baby boy. He lived five months and ten days, died of cholera — and his grieving father signed the death certificate himself.

Your turn: What does your family’s death certificates say in the “name of husband/wife” box — and does it match the life they actually lived? Tell me in the comments.

Tomorrow afternoon: another ancestor, another record. And remember — one Ancestor of the Day each week is YOUR ancestor. Brick wall? Send it through my contact form at https://conidubois.fyi/contact.

— Coni

Sources: Individual Report for Lucy Genevieve Amo, by Coni Dubois (U.S. Federal Censuses 1900–1940; Michigan Marriage Records; Michigan Death Records) · Certified copy of birth record, Lucy J. Amo, Monroe County #160 Book C-77 (Coni’s files) · Iosco County Return of Marriages, quarter ending Sept 30, 1916, Record No. 33 (Coni’s files) · U.S. Civil War Pension Index, General Index to Pension Files

1861–1934 — Baker, Francis C., widow Lucy Baker, filed Aug 19, 1918 (Coni’s files) · State of Michigan Certificate of Death, Luce County, State File No. 1677, Feb 25, 1947 (Coni’s files) · Ancestor of the Day #2: Ernest Emmit Griffith (this blog, 2026)

Posted in Coni Dubois, Coni's Stuff, Ken Feder, Travel, Tribal

Ancestor of the Day #2: Ernest Emmit Griffith — The Morning the Dynamite Went Off

Oval studio portrait of Emmett Griffith, a young man in a suit and tie, circa 1910s

He was 26 years old, a farmer in Whitney Township, Michigan, and he died at 11:30 on a Thursday morning — September 23, 1915. His death certificate says it in handwriting I can read plain as day: “Dynamite Shot (accidental).”

Watch the Ancestor of the Day short film:

Michigan certificate of death for Emmet Griffith, died September 23, 1915 — cause of death written as 'Dynamite Shot (accidental)'

Ernest Emmit Griffith was my great-grandfather. The newspaper called him Emmett. The death certificate calls him Emmet. My own research files say Ernest Emmit. I believe they’re all the same man — records spell names the way ears heard them — and his mother’s name wobbles the same way: Cortright, Courtright, Cartnight. I grew up hearing “Cartright.” That’s how family history really sounds.

Here’s what happened that morning, from the Arenac County Independent, September 23, 1915 — “EXPLOSION KILLS TWO MEN”:

Emmett Griffith and 19-year-old Robert Smith were blowing up stumps, clearing farmland the way everybody did it then. They sat down on a log to rest a moment. Beside them sat a pail holding 20 sticks of dynamite, a quantity of dynamite caps, and fuse. Both men were smoking, and the supposition is that a spark from one of their pipes fell into the pail. The explosion came a few minutes after they sat down.

Griffith had both legs blown off near the thigh and was otherwise mangled. He lived two to three hours. Smith lost a leg and an arm and died about five o’clock that afternoon. Both men regained consciousness before they died, and both told the same story. The funerals were held Saturday and Sunday.

Here is the article itself, word for word:

“Explosion Kills Two Men: Two Delano Farmers, Robert Smith and Emmett Griffith, Have Fatal Accident with dynamite. As a result of a premature explosion of 20 sticks of dynamite, the lives of two well known Delano farmers were snuffed out last Thursday. Emmett Griffith and Robert Smith were blowing up stumps and had set down on a log to rest a moment. Near them was a pail containing 20 sticks of dynamite, a quantity of dynamite caps and fuse. They both were smoking and the supposition is that a spark from one of their pipes fell into the pail and caused the explosion which occurred a few minutes after they had seated themselves. Griffith had both legs off near the thigh and otherwise mangled. He lived for only two or three hours after the accident. Smith had one leg and one arm blown off and suffered other severe injuries. He died about 5 o’clock that afternoon. Both men regained consciousness before they died and told the same story as to how the accident occurred. The funerals were held Saturday and Sunday. Griffith was 26 years old and leaves a widow and one child. Smith was 19 years old and single. The sympathy of the entire community is extended to the bereaved relatives.”

— Arenac County Independent, September 23, 1915 (transcription contributed by Penny Bliss, MIGenWeb Arenac County; the clipping in Coni’s research files is credited to researcher Penny Carney)

He was buried September 25, 1915, at Sims-Whitney Cemetery in Au Gres — the same Griffith family plot I wrote about here on the blog back in 2014: http://conidubois.com/2014/07/08/griffith-family-plot-sims-whitney-cemetery-also-known-as-point-lookout-cemetery/

Now here is what the newspaper didn’t know, or didn’t print. Ernest had married Lucy Genevieve Amo on March 29, 1909 — he was 19, she was 26. They’d already buried a baby boy, Murther, who died of cholera at five months in 1911. And five weeks before that dynamite went off, on August 19, 1915, Lucy gave birth to a daughter. That baby grew up to be my grandmother.

The paper said he left “a widow and one child.” My records say more than that. I report the paper’s words as written — and I keep my own count beside them. That’s the pledge: the record, honestly, even when the records argue with each other.

He was 26. A farmer. A husband. A father who never got to watch his youngest grow up. The clerk wrote “Dynamite Shot (accidental)” and moved on to the next certificate. I don’t move on. He’s mine.

Outdoor photograph of Emmett Griffith standing beside his seated wife Lucy Amo Griffith, who holds their small child on her lap, circa early 1910s

🔍 LOGO HUNT: I hid my Ever Widening Circle logo somewhere in the family photo above — first one to spot it and tell me in the comments gets a shoutout in tomorrow’s Ancestor of the Day!

🗳️ YOU PICK ANCESTOR #3: Starting today, YOU vote who I feature next! Here are your three choices:

  1. Lucy Genevieve Amo (1882–1947) — Ernest’s widow. She buried her dynamite-killed husband in September 1915… and was married again by the next August. Then married a third time. The dynamite widow with three husbands.
  2. Clorenda Rose Short Barber Porter (1838–1912) — my 3rd great-grandmother. In July 1912 her husband, a Civil War veteran, died at 9 PM — and two hours later, shattered by the shock, she walked onto the porch, cried out, and fell dead in the farmhand’s arms. The coroner wrote her cause of death as “a shock occasioned by the death of her husband.” They were buried in a single grave.
  3. Theodore James Barber (1835–1863) — he marched off with the Union’s 57th Pennsylvania at 28 and never came home from Chancellorsville.

Vote in the comments below (or in the Facebook group poll) — winner gets featured next, and I’ll read out the results in tomorrow’s post. Get your people voting!

Your turn: Has a sudden death ever rewritten your family tree in a single day? Tell me in the comments.

Tomorrow afternoon: another ancestor, another record. And remember — one Ancestor of the Day each week is YOUR ancestor. Brick wall? Send it through my contact form at https://conidubois.fyi/contact.

— Coni

Sources: State of Michigan Certificate of Death, Arenac County, Whitney Township (Sept 23, 1915 — Coni’s files) · “EXPLOSION KILLS TWO MEN,” Arenac County Independent, Sept 23, 1915 (transcription at MIGenWeb Arenac County https://migenweb.org/arenac/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/d-explosion-kills-griffith-smith-bliss.pdf, contributed by Penny Bliss; the clipping in Coni’s research files is credited to researcher Penny Carney) · Individual Report for Ernest Emmit Griffith, by Coni Dubois (1900 & 1910 U.S. Federal Census; Michigan Marriage Records; Michigan Deaths and Burials Index; Find A Grave #62841351) · Griffith Family Plot @ Sims-Whitney Cemetery http://conidubois.com/2014/07/08/griffith-family-plot-sims-whitney-cemetery-also-known-as-point-lookout-cemetery/ (this blog, 2014)

#AncestorOfTheDay #EverWideningCircle

Posted in Coni Dubois, Coni's Stuff, Ken Feder, Travel, Tribal

Ancestor of the Day #1: Mary “Molly” Barber Chagum

Ancestor Story mascot

Every village has a founding couple. Ours has a legend — and a record. Today I’m giving you both, honestly, because that’s the pledge I made yesterday.

Watch the Ancestor of the Day short film:



The legend goes like this. Around 1740, Molly Barber of Wethersfield was forbidden by her parents from marrying the man of her choice. She declared she would marry the first man who offered himself. That man was James Chaugham, a Narragansett man from Block Island. They married — some versions say in secret — and left Wethersfield for the wilderness of Barkhamsted, where they raised a family and founded a community. The poet Lewis Sprague Mills put it in verse in 1932, and a thousand retellings followed.

That’s the story. Here is what I can tell you with a document in my hand.

I cannot find Molly’s birth record. I cannot find her marriage record. No one can — the historical sources say so plainly. What I CAN show you is the end of her life, itemized in a clerk’s handwriting.

In January 1821, the estate of “Mary Chogum, late of Barkhamsted” was inventoried: one iron kettle, $1.25. One small kettle, fifty cents. One old chest of drawers, fifty cents. Fourteen acres of land at ten dollars an acre. Total: $142.25. That was her whole world, appraised.


Her estate couldn’t cover her debts — the town of Barkhamsted itself held a claim of about $272 for the support she had needed in her old age. Her 14 acres were sold to her son-in-law, William Wilson, for $100, and the town took the loss. I’ve transcribed the whole probate packet on this blog — the administrator’s bond, the inventory, the final settlement of January 1822 — and you can read it here: https://conidubois.com/2026/07/23/unlocking-history-the-1821-estate-of-mary-chogum/

So the legend gives me a defiant young woman of Wethersfield, and the record gives me an old woman whose kettles and chest of drawers were worth two dollars and twenty-five cents. Both of them are Molly. Both of them are mine. She was one of the two people who founded the Barkhamsted Lighthouse community — the white wife and the Narragansett husband, about 1740 — and her descendants, in the hundreds, are still here. I’m one of them.

That’s the thing about ancestors. The story tells you who they were to the world. The record tells you what they had when they left it. I want both.

Your turn: What legend lives in YOUR family tree — and what record backs it up, or breaks it? Tell me in the comments. I want to hear it.

Tomorrow afternoon: another ancestor, another record. And remember — once a week, one of YOUR ancestors takes this spotlight. Got a brick wall? Send it through my contact form at https://conidubois.fyi/contact.

— Coni

Sources: [Barkhamsted Lighthouse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkhamsted_Lighthouse) (Wikipedia) · [The Oddest Lighthouse](https://www.ctmq.org/the-oddest-lighthouse/) (CTMQ / CT Freedom Trail) · [Barkhamsted Lighthouse — Bringing Light to the Connecticut Hills](https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/barkhamsted-lighthouse-bringing-light-connecticut-hills/) (New England Historical Society) · [Chaugham Family of Barkhamsted CT](https://www.rockvillemama.com/chaugham.htm) (Town of Barkhamsted Family Outlines / USGenWeb) · [Unlocking History: The 1821 Estate of Mary Chogum](https://conidubois.com/2026/07/23/unlocking-history-the-1821-estate-of-mary-chogum/) (this blog) · Lewis S. Mills, The Story of Connecticut (1932), quoted at [conidubois.com](http://conidubois.com/2019/01/14/what-is-the-true-name-of-the-chief-of-the-barkhamsted-lighthouse-chaugham-vs-chogam-chagum-part-1-land-transactions/)

#AncestorOfTheDay #EverWideningCircle

Posted in Coni Dubois, Coni's Stuff, Tribal

2026 Native American record releases and how to use them for research

This spring two major things happened at once. FamilySearch pushed a huge batch of new and re-indexed records in its April 2026 update, over one billion records total, and inside that update was an expansion to the core Native collection: United States, Native American, Census Rolls, 1885-1940. At the same time the National Archives and Records Administration has been finishing a multi-year push to get Bureau of Indian Affairs records out of the basement and online, including a new BIA Photographs Finding Aid and near-complete digitization of the most-used BIA microfilm publications in Record Group 75.

The center of all of this is NARA microfilm publication M595, Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940. It is 692 rolls of annual censuses that Indian agents were required to file after an Act of Congress on July 4, 1884. This is not the regular federal census. This is the reservation census taken every year, often on June 30. If your ancestor was enrolled and living on or near a reservation, they should be in M595. The information changes by year. Early years are just name, age, sex. By the 1920s and 1930s you often get English name and Indian name, roll number, age, sex, relationship to head of household, marital status, degree of blood, and sometimes allotment or residence notes. NARA now has these rolls digitized in its Catalog as Indian Census Rolls and they are also on microfilm as M595, and copies are on FamilySearch, Ancestry and Fold3.

FamilySearch also maintains state-specific slices of the same film, most notably Washington, Native American, Census Records, 1880-1952. If you have Northwest ancestry it is worth searching both the national collection and the Washington collection because indexing was done at different times and a name that is missing in one can appear in the other. The national collection recently had 112 newly indexed entries added, which sounds small but each entry unlocks a full page of relatives.

There is a second collection that most people miss: United States, Native American Birth and Death Records, 1885-1940. This is the birth and death supplement that was filed with the annual rolls, especially for 1925 to 1933. When it is present it gives you census roll number, surname and given name, date of birth or death, sex, tribe, ward status, degree of father’s blood, degree of mother’s blood, degree of child’s blood, and whether the person was at the jurisdiction where enrolled. For western reservations like Western Navajo this supplement is often on roll 644 and similar rolls.

The NARA side is equally important. NARA has said that digitization of the most heavily used BIA microfilm publications in RG 75 is about 95 percent complete, including records that used to be held in Anchorage for Alaska Natives. That includes school censuses, allotment records, and annuity rolls. In early 2026 NARA also expanded its BIA Photographs Finding Aid, which finally brings together photos that were scattered across regional facilities. You can now search by tribe, school, or agency. For boarding school history, the National Indian Boarding School Digital Archive is building a parallel portal and so far offers records from nine schools including Chemawa, Carlisle Indian Industrial School, Cushman Indian School in Tacoma, and Pipestone Indian School. NARA itself also holds school land and building records and maps that can help you pinpoint where a school was and what records might exist for it.

How to use it all together in practice. Start with one solid hit in M595. Write down the agency name exactly as written, the year, the roll number, and the page number. Then browse that same agency three years before and three years after. Agents kept families in the same order year to year, so you can track births, deaths, and marriages even when the index fails. Pay attention to the roll number column. A sudden new number often means marriage to someone from another family or enrollment from another agency. Note the remarks column, it often says died, married, transferred, or dual enrollment.

Once you have a cluster of years, pull the birth and death rolls for that agency. That gives you exact dates and parental blood degree, which you will need for lineage packets. Then go to NARA’s Indian Census Rolls page and its tribal rolls overview. If your family is one of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory before 1907, M595 is just a clue. You will need to go to the Dawes Commission Final Rolls and enrollment cards. For almost every other tribe, you will want to use the agency and years you found to ask for that tribe’s base rolls, allotment rolls, and other enrollment lists in RG 75. The government has never created one master list of all Native Americans, so you have to work agency by agency.

For organizing and sharing, make a simple packet per ancestor. One folder with all M595 images for that person across years, one image of the birth or death roll, any BIA photo or school attendance record, and a full citation that reads NARA M595, Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940, roll number, agency, year, and line or family number. Tribal enrollment offices and family members both want the citation, not just a screenshot.

Finally, search the same name in three places. FamilySearch search, the NARA Catalog, and Ancestry or Fold3 free at a library or NARA facility. All three use the same M595 film but different handwriting interpretations. If you search all three you will find about twenty percent more relatives that one index alone would miss. If you have a surname and a state or a suspected tribe, start with M595 and then layer the birth and death rolls and the photo finding aid. That combination is what makes the 2026 releases so powerful.

Core Links:


1. FamilySearch April 2026 overview listing the United States Native American Census Rolls 1885-1940 as an expanded collection: https://www.familysearch.org/en/newsroom/new-free-historical-records-from-31-countries-april-2026-update

2. Detailed list of April 1-30 2026 new and updated collections on The Ancestor Hunt which mirrors FamilySearch release notes: https://theancestorhunt.com/blog/familysearch-new-and-updated-collections-april-1-30-2026/

3. FamilySearch collection page for United States Native American Census Rolls 1885-1940 collection ID 2761958 which is NARA microfilm M595: https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2761958

4. FamilySearch collection page for United States Native American Birth and Death Records 1885-1940 the supplement that gives blood degree and birth dates: https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/2765178

5. NARA main page for Indian Census Rolls 1885-1940 explaining M595 is 692 rolls and how to access the digitized series in the National Archives Catalog: https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/census/research-indian-census.html

6. NARA guide to Bureau of Indian Affairs Records Tribal Rolls Record Group 75 explaining that there is no single master list and rolls were created by agency: https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/rolls

7. NARA article Increasing Access to Native American Records describing the new BIA Photographs Finding Aid: https://www.archives.gov/about/speeches/2022/increasing-access-native-american-records

8. NARA guide to BIA Boarding School Records including land and building records and where maps are held: https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/schools

9. NARA other Indian School Records list with sample entries like Sisseton Agency School Attendance Records 1922 and notes about photographs through the BIA Photographs Finding Aid: https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/schools/school-records-more.html

10. For general context on M595 use and the 1884 law requiring annual agency censuses: https://www.archives.gov/research/native-americans/census/research-indian-census.html

11. If you want to browse all FamilySearch Native American resources in one place: https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/United_States_Native_American_Records

Posted in Coni Dubois, Tribal

Reuben Barber – American Revolution War Papers

Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 1

Donated by: Lynn Barber of Bay City Michigan

3rd Cousin 1x removed to Coni Dubois

You can view Reuben Barber’s Individual Report

Here

Relationship of Coni Allen to Lynn Barber
Shared Ancestor of Coni (Allen) Dubois & Lynn Barber

THESE  pages have been transcribed (See below NEXT 7 pgs) BY Wendy Dishaw  Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 2Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 3Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 4Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 5Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 6Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 7

Reuben Barber Revolution War Claim 1
Reuben Barber Revolution War Claim – Transcribed by Wendy Dishaw for Coni Dubois

 

Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 8Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 9Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 10Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 11Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 12Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 13Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 14Reuben Barber Rev. Papers 15

Posted in Coni Dubois, Tribal

The story of the Mississippi River~

History of the Choctaw, Chickasaw and Natchez Indians (1899) Author: Cushman, H. B. (Horatio Bardwell)

(Pg 62) Their tradition, in regard to their origin as related by the aged Choctaws to the missionaries in 1820, was in substance as follows:

In a remote period of the past their ancestors dwelt in a country far distant toward the setting sun; and being conquered and greatly oppressed by a more powerful people (the Spaniards under Cortez) (Pg 63) resolved to seek a country far removed from the possibility of their oppression. A great national council was called, to which the entire nation in one vast concourse quickly responded.

After many days spent in grave deliberations upon the question in which so much was involved, a day was finally agreed upon and a place of rendezvous duly appointed whence they should bid a final adieu to their old homes and country and take up their line of march to seek others, they knew not where.

When the appointed day arrived it found them at the designated place fully prepared and ready for the exodus under the chosen leadership of two brothers, Chahtah and Chikasah,  both equally renowned for their bravery and skill in war and their wisdom and prudence in council ; who, as Moses and Aaron led the Jews in their exodus from Egypt, were to lead them from a land of oppression to one of peace, prosperity and happiness.

The evening before their departure a ” Fabussa” (pole, pro. as Fa-bus-sah) was firmly set up in the ground at the centre point of their encampment, by direction of their chief medicine man and prophet, whose wisdom in matters pertaining to things supernatural was unquestioned and to whom, after many days fasting and supplication, the Great Spirit had revealed that the Fabussa would indicate on the following morning, the direction they should march by its leaning; and, as the star led the Magi to where the world’s infant Redeemer and Savior sweetly reposed, so the leaning of the pole, on each returning morn, would indicate the direction they must travel day by day until they reached the sought and desired haven; when, on the following morn, it would there and then remain as erect as it had been placed the evening before.  At the early dawn of the following morn many solicitous eyes were turned to the silent but prophetic Fabussa, Lo! It leaned to the east.

Enough. Without hesitation or delay the mighty host began its line of march toward the rising sun, and  followed each day the morning directions given by the talismanic pole, which was borne by day at the head of the moving multitude, and set up at each returning evening in the centre of the encampment, alternately by the two renowned chiefs-aid brothers, Chahtah and Chikasah.

For weeks and months they journeyed toward the east as directed by the undeviating fabussa, passing over wide extended plains and through forests vast and abounding with game of many varieties seemingly undisturbed before by the presence of man, from which their skillful hunters bountifully supplied their daily wants. Gladly would they have  accepted, as their future (Pg 64) asylum, many parts of the country through which they traveled, but were forbidden, as each returning morn the unrelenting- pole still gave its silent but comprehended command:  “Eastward and onward” After many months of wearisome travel, suddenly a vast body of flowing water stretched its mighty arm athwart their path. With unfeigned astonishment they gathered in groups upon its banks and gazed upon its turbid waters. Never before had they even heard of, or in all their wanderings stumbled upon aught like this. Whence its origin? Where its terminus?

This is surely the Great Father the true source of all waters, whose age is wrapt in the silence of the unknown past, ages beyond all calculation, and as they then and there named it “Misha Sipokni” (Beyond Age, whose source and terminus are unknown).

Surely a more appropriate, beautiful and romantic name, than its usurper Mississippi, without any signification.

But who can tell when the waters of Misha Sipokni first found their way from the little Itasca lake hidden in its northern home, to the far away gulf amid the tropics of the south?

Who when those ancient Choctaws stood upon its banks and listened to its murmurings which alone disturbed the silence of the vast wilderness that stretched away on every side, could tell of its origin and over what mighty distances it rolled its muddy waters to their ultimate , destiny?

And who today would presume to know or even conjecture, through what mysterious depths its surging currents struggle ere they plunge into the southern gulf?

But what now says their dumb talisman? Is Misha Sipokni to be the terminus of their toils? Are the illimitable forests that so lovingly embraced in their wide extended arms its restless waters to be their future homes? Not so. Silent and motion less, still as ever before, it bows to the east and its mandate “Onward, beyond Misha Sipokn” is accepted without a murmur; and at once they proceed to construct canoes and rafts by which, in a few weeks, all were safely landed upon its eastern banks, whence again was resumed their eastward march, and so continued until they stood upon the western banks of the Yazoo river and once more encamped for the night; and, as had been done for many months before, ere evening began to unfold her curtains and twilight had spread o er all her mystic light, the Fabussa (now truly their Delphian oracle) was set up; but ere the morrow’s sun had plainly lit up the eastern horizon, many anxiously watching eyes that early rested upon its straight, slender, silent form, observed it stood erect as when set up the evening before. And then was borne upon that morning breeze (Pg 65) throughout the vast sleeping- encampment, the joyful acclamation, “Fohah hupishno Yak! Fohah hupishno Yak! (pro.as Fo-hah, Rest, hup-ish-noh, we, all of us, Yak, here.)

Download book here: Pasted from <http://archive.org/details/histchoctaw00cushrich>

Posted in Coni Dubois, Tribal

This trip to Hartford – I’m on the hunt for the Hartford Treaty Sept 21, 1638

1638 treaty:  The Pequot War of 1636 and 1637 saw the virtual elimination of the Pequot Indians. The victors met to decide on the division of the fruits of victory. While the treaty settled the Pequot War, the Pequots were not a party to it. The Massachusetts Bay Colony, the Connecticut River Colony, the Mohegan and Narragansett tribes were. Surviving prisoners were divided between the tribes; 40 percent each and the remaining 20 percent awarded to tribes on Long Island who had supported the Narragansett. The Pequot lands went to the Connecticut River towns. The other major feature of this treaty was to outlaw the Pequot language and name. Any survivors would be referred to in the future as Mohegans or Narragansett. No Pequot town or settlement would be allowed. This treaty was signed on September 21, 1638.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Hartford

By Samuel Mason

Rhode Island Historical Society collections Vol 3
Pg 177-178: ARTICLES BETWEEN YE INGLISH IN CONNECTICUT AND THE INDIAN SACHEMS—
A Covenant and Agreement made between the English habiting the Jurisdiction of the River of Connecticut of the one part, and Miantinomy the chief Sachem of the Narragansetts in the behalf of himself and the other Sachems there; and Poquim or Uncas the chief Sachim of the Indians called the Mohegans in the behalf of himself and the Sachims under him, as Followeth, at Hartford the 21th of September, 1638.

Imp’r. There is a peace and a Familiarity made between the sd Miantinome and Narraganset Indians and the sd Poquim and Mohegan Indians, and all former Injuryes and wrongs offered each to other Remitted and Burryed and never to be renued any more from henceforth.
2. It is agreed if there fall out Injuryes and wrongs for fuetur to be done or committed Each to other or their men, they shall not presently Revenge it But they are to appeal to the English and they are to decide the same, and the determination of the English to stand And they are each to do as is by the English sett down and if the one or the other shall Refuse to do, it shall be lawfull for the English to Compel him and to side and take part if they see cause against the obstinate or Refusing party.
3. It is agreed and a conclusion of peace and friendship made between the sd Miantinome and the sd Narragansetts and the so Poquim and the sd Mohegans as long as they carry themselves orderly and give no just cause of offence and that they nor either of them do shelter any that may be Enemyes to ye English that shall or formerly have had hand in murdering or killing any English man or woman or consented thereunto, They or either of them shall as soon as they can either bring the chief Sachem of our late enemies the Peaquots that had the chief hand in killing the English, to the sd English, or take of their heads, As also for those murderers that are now agreed upon amongst us that are living they shall as soon as they can possibly take off their heads, if they may be in their custody or Else whensoever they or any of them shall come Amongst them or to their wigwams or any where if they can by any means come by them.
4. And whereas there be or is reported for to be by ye sd Narragansetts and Mohegans 200 Peaquots living that are men besides squawes and paposes. The English do give unto Miantinome and the Narragansetts to make up the number of Eighty with the Eleven they have already, and to Poquime his number, and that after they the Peaquots shall be divided as above sd, shall no more be called Peaquots but Narragansetts and Mohegans and as their men and either ofthem are to pay for every Sanop one fathom of wampome peage and for every youth half so much and for every Sanop papoose one hand tobe paid at Killing time of Corn at Connecticut yearly and shall not suffer them for to live in the country that was formerly theirs but is now the Englishes by conquest neither shall the Narragansets nor Mohegans possess any part of ye Peaquot country without leave from the English And it is always expected that the English Captives are forthwith to be delivered to the English, such as belong to Connecticut to the Sachems there, And such as belong to the Massachusetts; the sd agreements are to be kept invoylably by the parties abovesd and if anymake breach of them the other two may joyn and make warr upon such as shall break the same, unless satisfaction be made being Reasonably Required.
The Marke of : ) MIANTINOMMY,
The Marke of + POQUIAM alias UNKAS.
JOHN HAINES,
ROG’R LUDLOW,
EDW’RD HOPKINS.
The above written is a coppy of some Articles made with the Indians and English as attest, compared by
SAMUELL MASON, Assistant.
JOHN TRACY, Justice of peace.
The above written is a true copy of that on file. Compared and Examined p.
JA. MEINZIES, Cler. Cur. Commis.

Posted in Coni Dubois, Tribal

I believe I have found the village of Shoakecum – Checkachoggin

The Indian place-names on Long island and islands adjacent, with their probable significations (1911) by William Wallace Tooker
Pg 40: 52: CHECKACHAGIN: a brook in the town of Oyster Bay, Queen’s Co., flowing northeasterly into Beaver Swamp Creek. Two of the variants from the records of the town are Chaugren, Chogorin. – Geo. W. Cocks, Esq., of Glen Cove, informs me that he remembers it as a boy fifty years ago, colloquially, as lt Choggin. ” The name is a personal one from one of the chiefs, ” Chechagon alias Quaropin,” mentioned in an Indian deed of January 9, 1683. (Thompson’s L. /., vol. i., p.489.)
Pg 206: 331: QUARAPIN: a round swamp in Huntington.  The name refers to “where Quarapin, an Indian, formerly planted”.
Pg 216-217  351: RUGUA : a swamp in the town of Babylon, near Copiag Neck. It is found in the Indian deed of the “Baiting Place” purchase, 1698, viz.: “So running eastward to ye head of Rugua Swamp” (H. R.). This is another instance where a swamp takes its name from the aboriginal dweller on its banks. That swamps were frequently chosen by the Indians for their dwelling places is proven frequently in the early records of the town; for instance, a deed of 1698 says: “a parcel of land within the bounds of Huntington by a swampe comonly called ye round swamp where Quarapin formerly planted” (H. R., vol. ii., p. 37). Nearly every swamp in the vicinity of Sag Harbor examined by the writer has a shell-heap on its northern slopes showing Indian sojourners in time past.

Note from Coni: I believe West Hills is the spot where Quarapin/Checkachoggin had his village and planted – perfect location! Located in Huntington, New York on Round Swamp Rd. Also in this area is Asharoken, New York which is named after Asharoken – Raseokan who I’m also a descendant of – He is GGGrandfather to Great James